VELLUM - translation to αραβικά
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VELLUM - translation to αραβικά

PARCHMENT MADE FROM CALF OR LAMB SKIN
Vellum parchment; Vélin; Uterine vellum
  •  [[Magna Carta]], written in Latin on vellum, held at the [[British Library]]
  • A [[portolan chart]] (map) by [[Jacobo Russo]] (Giacomo Russo) of Messina (1533)
  • [[Quran]] from the [[7th century]] written on vellum
  • ''A Volume Of Treatises on Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics'' (1300) Ink on vellum.

VELLUM         

ألاسم

رَقّ

vellum         
اسْم : الرَّقّ وهو جلد للكتابة أو للتجليد . الورقَ الرَّقي وهو ورق متين شبيه بالرَّق
vellum         
قضيم ، جلد رقيق للكتابة

Ορισμός

vellum
Vellum is strong paper of good quality for writing on.
N-UNCOUNT

Βικιπαίδεια

Vellum

Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. Parchment is another term for this material, from which vellum is sometimes distinguished, when it is made from calfskin, as opposed to that made from other animals, or otherwise being of higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices, or books.

Modern scholars and custodians increasingly use only the less specific, potentially-confusing term "membrane". Depending on factors such as the method of preparation it may be very hard to determine the animal species involved (let alone its age) without using a laboratory, and the term avoids the need to distinguish between vellum and parchment.

Vellum is generally smooth and durable, although there are great variations depending on preparation and the quality of the skin. The manufacture involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame (a "herse"), and scraping of the skin with a crescent-shaped knife (a "lunarium" or "lunellum"). To create tension, scraping is alternated with wetting and drying. A final finish may be achieved by abrading the surface with pumice, and treating with a preparation of lime or chalk to make it accept writing or printing ink.

Modern "paper vellum" is made of synthetic plant material, and is called such for its usage and quality similarities. Paper vellum is used for a variety of purposes including tracing, technical drawings, plans and blueprints.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για VELLUM
1. "I did not support it!" he yelled, and in the rafters a cherub jabbed at a piece of vellum.
2. Mayor Graham Marsden also gave Allingham a scroll on special vellum paper and a bottle of malt whisky.
3. "Geography just wasn‘t important." Named after topographer Richard Gough – who bought it in 1774 for half–a–crown (121/2p) and bequeathed it to the Bodleian Library – the map is drawn in pen, ink and coloured washes on two skins of vellum and measures almost 4ft long by 2ft wide.
4. Wroclaw is a historic city on the Oder river "The documents are of great archival and historical value but their content will be disclosed after they have been fully studied, which could take a long time." The letters are said to be remarkably preserved, with Latin words still legible on the vellum (animal skin). The Roman Catholic archdiocese of Milwaukee had the documents authenticated in 2003.
5. Dalton attended a meeting of the council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, and received an engrossed copy, on vellum, of a resolution of that society, recording: "Their admiration of the zeal and perseverance with which he has deduced the mean pressure and temperature of the atmosphere, and the quantity of rain for each month, and for the whole year, with the prevailing direction and force of the wind at different seasons in this neighbourhood, from a series of more than 200,000 observations, from the end of the year 17'3 to the beginning of 1844, being a period of half a century." He appears to have had an early tendency to mathematical pursuits.